Frequently tested - hyperkalemia management - usmle step 3

POTASSIUM

· Normal K+ range 3.5 - 5.5

HYPERKALEMIA (K+ >5.5)
· Cause of hyperkalemia
- Acidosis, aldosterone deficiency, ACE inhibitors, ARBS

- Beta-blocker

- Crush injury,

- Digitalis, insulin deficiency

- Renal, RTA type IV


Frequently tested

· Management:


· Initial step get EKG


- If EKG shows peaked T, no P and prolong PR

- Treatment:
- 1^st step, calcium gluconate (stabilizes the cardiac cell membrane) followedbyIV Insulin + glucose


- If EKG is normal:

- Treatment:
- IV Insulin (drives K+ into the cell) + Glucose (given to prevent hypoglycemia)
- IV Sodium Bicarbonate (Shifts K+ into the cell)
- Kayexelate (removes potassium from the body)



- If all of the above measures fail – Tx. (please check out the book for further details)




To get copy and check the reviews of the book please go to



Amazon and search "Next step in management USMLE STEP 3"
or



Google search " Next step in management USMLE Step 3



Copyright material : No part may be reproduced, reused, published, photocopying, recording, or transmitted in any form, or stored in a database or retrieval system, without written permission